So if one set of logs show btdc and another atdc how do you compare timing, or isnt it possible to comparable
spark timing should always be BDTC at the point of optimum cylinder pressure i.e the piston has compressed the air and fuel mixture in the combustion chamber and both intake and exhaust valves are closed. The piston is at its highest point in its stroke at TDC (top dead centre).
Fuel takes time to burn so you need to ignite it at a point before TDC so that when the piston is at TDC the combustion is at maximum pressure (the explosion is at its most potent) so that it pushes the piston down with as much force as possible. The point of ignition must be before the piston reaches TDC so its known and measured in degrees before TDC (using crankshaft degrees as a reference)
Heres where the fun starts, if you over advance the ign timing then the peak pressure happens before the piston gets to TDC so as the crank is forcing the piston up the cylinder, the pressure is trying to push it down. This causes 'knock' as the piston rocks around in the cylinder on the axis of the gudgeon pin (pin that holds the piston to the conrod) as it cant control its direction of movement.
If you under advance (retard) the ign timing the maximum point of pressure happens after the point of TDC and the piston is already on its way back down the cylinder so the pressure dissipates and the piston doesnt get the same amount of 'push' back down the bore = less power.
So you are trying to find the precise point that the engine makes most power by advancing and retarding the timing known as MBT i,e the point at which the engine makes the most power with the minimum amount of ign advance. If the ignition is happening before the point of TDC its measured as BTDC and if its too far retarded its happening after TDC so ATDC. The two are directly related but just measured at a different point of the crankshafts stroke.