Or loose baffles inside the exhaust system. But my money is on the heat shield.
It is probably the heatshield. Mine does it on my octavia and I had lost one of the fittings. I noticed it when I shut the rear door and it rattled. Climb under whilst someone shuts the door. Just an idea.
That doesn't sound very good. If it is the heat shield then you just need to clip it back into place. There are some serrated washers that grip a threaded pin that holds them together as they overlap if that makes sense. I had lost a washer and the two pieces of heatshield were vibrating and rattling. That does sound a by more exhaust related though than mine did. Time for a Milltek?