Mono ethylene glycol breaks down with the acid in the body to produce a toxic acid called oxalic acid which affects the Heart and kidneys.
Ahhh - that's why anti-freeze is particularly fatal for cats. How much is bad in humans?
Poly ethylene glycol is as it says - a polymer and doesn't react in the same way and so doesn't produce the oxalic acid. Instead it actually helps remove certain proteins in the body under medical applications. I can't remember the full reaction as it was an awful long time ago!
Its used as a laxative (Movicol, Laxido, etc). It seems to draw water into the bowel. When used in excess, it turns your poo the same consistency as Mr Whippy ice cream . . . . me thinks thats what they used in the 'Two Girls, One Cup' video!
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PEG can have some nasty side effects though - which arn't pleasant for anyone else in the vicinity!
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They both produce the same visual reaction when mixed with H2O - very similar to alcohols . . . .